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On 21 February 2019, Dr. Mark Shamoun from the University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, presented data from a retrospective, single-center study assessing relapse rates in a cohort of patients receiving azithromycin for moderate to severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) at the 2019 TCT Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Meetings of ASBMT and CIBMTR in Houston, Texas, USA. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety warning in August 2018, raised concerns on the risk of relapse in patients receiving azithromycin as prophylaxis for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT).
All data is given as cohort 1 vs cohort 2
In summary, administration of azithromycin for the treatment of moderate to severe cGvHD was not associated with an increased risk of relapse in patients undergoing allo-HCT. Furthermore, Dr. Mark Shamoun concluded that azithromycin therapy for patients with cGvHD should not be contra-indicated, as this study has illustrated that azithromycin is safe for patients with BOS post-allo-HCT.
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